After retiring from the Dodgers, Robinson acted as a sportscaster, worked as a business executive at Chock full o'Nuts and was active in the NAACP and other civil rights groups. Weakened by heart disease and diabetes, Robinson died in at the age of 53 from a heart attack suffered at his home in Stamford , Connecticut. Thousands attended his funeral service, including former teammates and other professional athletes. Following his death, his wife Rachel, by then an assistant professor in the Yale School of Nursing , established the Jackie Robinson Foundation.
In addition to recognizing other trailblazers in sports, the foundation awards the Jackie Robinson Foundation Scholarship to minority students. Those players already wearing the number were allowed to keep it. Baseball Hall of Fame. Lamb, C. Breslin, Jimmy. Branch Rickey: A Life. Penguin Random House. Jackie Robinson: 7 memorable quotes. Jackie Robinson. Baseball Reference.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play in the Major Leagues on April 15, , when he took the field in the top of the first inning against the Boston Braves.
Despite struggling with a heart condition, Mack Robinson later clinched a spot on The eyes of Abraham Lincoln gazed down from a portrait on the paneled walls inside the executive offices of the Brooklyn Dodgers Baseball Club as Branch Rickey fire-hosed a torrent of racial slurs at Jackie Robinson.
The president and general manager of the Dodgers had little After he broke the color line and became the first Black baseball player to play in the American major leagues during the 20th century, four other players of color soon followed in his Negro League Baseball got its start thanks to the increasing popularity of two things after the Civil War: baseball and segregation.
Historically, Black women in sports faced double discrimination due to their gender and race. A number of African American female athletes have emerged as trailblazers in their particular sports over the years, from track and field and tennis to figure skating and basketball. Young Jackie grew up in Pasadena, California, raised by a single working mother of five. A star athlete, Jackie became the university's first four-sport letter winner, excelling in football, basketball, track and field, and baseball.
Army during World War II, but was court marshalled and honorably discharged for standing up for his rights and refusing to move to the back of a segregated military bus. In , upon returning home from the military, Jackie Robinson set his sights on joining baseball's Negro Leagues and began playing shortstop for the Kansas City Monarchs.
In , opportunity beckoned when Branch Rickey, the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, invited Robinson to become the first African American to play with the all-white Dodgers' farm team, the Montreal Royals.
Anticipating the great adversity that Robinson would face as he integrated modern baseball, Rickey professed he needed a player who could bear the torment, famously telling Robinson he was "looking for a ballplayer with guts enough not to fight back. It was the beginning of an unparalleled career in baseball. At the end of his explosive nine years as a Dodger, his record included a. After integrating baseball, Robinson became a full-fledged leader in the Civil Rights movement.
He used his celebrity status to further human rights and endeavored to change the landscape of race relations in the United States. An active member of the NAACP, Robinson was often a featured speaker at civil rights rallies including the famed March on Washington in , and frequently participated in picket lines. After college, Moore lands with the Philadelphia Warriors as the first Black player for the hometown pros. After his playing days, Moore began a second career in service to others.
His first project was to impart some of his basketball smarts on a raw, young Overbrook athlete named Wilt Chamberlain. Moore moved to Charlotte, North Carolina, in the s. Even after retiring in , Moore volunteered to drive people to dialysis appointments.
Most of the people who ride with him every week have no idea their driver is a trailblazing athlete, winner and teacher. I was just doing something I liked to do. The New York Yankees had a winning tradition before fielding any Black players, but after Elston Howard joins the team, they reach the World Series in nine of the next 10 seasons.
Penn State grad Jesse Arnelle was the first African American student body president of any majority-white university, months before he starts playing for the Fort Wayne Pistons as their first Black team member. Like Jackie Robinson, Satchel Paige and many of the Black men who integrated Major League Baseball, Ann Gregory had dominated her chosen sport during the years that she was limited to segregated competition. Gregory had always been athletic and had starred in amateur tennis tournaments around her home in Gary, Indiana, but was only introduced to golf when she married Leroy Percy Gregory in He was an avid golfer who devoted so much time to the links that his new bride considered divorcing him.
But when he left to serve in World War II, she missed him so much that she learned how to play his favorite game. By the time Leroy Gregory returned in , she had become an accomplished golfer. Gregory faced harsh discrimination in the country club culture of golf. Her golfing career ended in when, at age 76, she defeated a field of 50 women to win a gold medal at the U. National Senior Olympic Games, dominating her competitors by 44 strokes.
Jackie Robinson retires when the Dodgers trade him to the New York Giants, choosing a life as an advocate for Black workers rather than joining a new team.
The federal government ramps up its resistance to Southern segregation when President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends troops to ensure that nine Black high school students can safely attend public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their bravery and toughness was carried onto the ice by their grandson.
Born in Fredericton, New Brunswick, he took to the national game quickly, and, in the beginning, did not feel the racial animus he would experience as an adult.
In , an airport was named after the Marine Corps vet in his homeland. Charlie Sifford defies overt discrimination in golf to reach the U.
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